The Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) is a digital library that provides free electronic copies of Christian scripture and literature texts.[1]
Type of site | Digital library |
|---|---|
| Owner | Calvin College |
| Created by | Harry Plantinga |
| URL | www |
| Commercial | No (see text) |
| Registration | None |
| Launched | 1993 |
Description
editCCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a professor of computer science at Calvin College. It was initiated at Wheaton College in 1993[2] and is currently supported by Calvin University. It includes Hymnary.org.
The purpose of the CCEL is "To build up Christ's church by making available classic Christian books and promoting their use." The documents in the library express a variety of theological views, sometimes conflicting with those of Calvin University.[3]
CCEL stores texts in Theological Markup Language (ThML) format and automatically converts them into other formats such as HTML or Portable Document Format (PDF).[4] Although they use mainly Public Domain texts, they claim copyright on all their formatting.[5] Users must log into their website to download all formatted versions of the text.
CCEL is funded by online advertisements, sales of CD-ROMs (available from 1997 to 2019),[6] sales of some books not freely downloadable, and individual gifts. Calvin University has also provided them with space, network access, and significant financial support.[3][7]
As of 2006, the library was recording about 200,000 page views per day and providing about 2 TB of information (equivalent to over a million books) in a month.[3]
A 2002 reviewer acknowledged that while the site is "intended to be a basic online theological library," it was actually much more valuable than that: it is "a treasure of primary sources for anyone teaching Western Civilization or more specialized courses in medieval or Reformation history." They also specifically noted that the ability to search the music "for specific note patterns" was valuable to musicologists.[8]
As of 2005, the primary users of the library fell into three main categories. These are university professors and their students using texts from the library as required reading without running up the students' bill for textbooks, people preparing sermons and Bible studies, and those reading for individual edification.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ^ "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". April 29, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
- ^ a b c "CCEL Questions and Answers". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
- ^ "About | Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
- ^ "CCEL Copyright Policy | Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
- ^ "Store - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
- ^ Plantinga, Harry (July 1997). "The CCEL Story". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
- ^ Holt, Mack P. (October 2002). "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". World History Sources. Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
- ^ David, Neff. "Preaching Augustine". Christian Today. Christian History & Biography. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
External links
edit- Official website
- "Anthology of patristics citations of the Bible". Archived from the original on Sep 21, 2016.
- "Patristic texts with cross-references to the Bible and internal search engine". (based on CCEL patristic texts)